Which of the following is a key vineyard challenge faced in Bordeaux?

Bordeaux, being renowned for its diverse climatic conditions and rich terroir, encounters several vineyard challenges; however, fungal diseases are particularly prevalent in this region. The humid maritime climate, influenced by the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean, fosters an environment conducive to the development of various fungal diseases, such as powdery mildew and botrytis (noble rot). These diseases can significantly impact grape quality and yield if not managed effectively, making them a key concern for vineyard management in Bordeaux.

While water availability, soil erosion, and excessive heat can also pose challenges in different contexts or regions, the specific climatic and geographic conditions of Bordeaux make fungal diseases a more significant and pressing issue for local viticulture. The combination of humidity and rainfall during the growing season exacerbates the risk, necessitating careful monitoring and intervention strategies to protect the vines and ensure healthy crop production.