Which factor contributes to the extension of ripening in vineyards in Germany?

The correct choice highlights the significance of proximity to water bodies and steep slopes with good soil types in extending the ripening period of grapes in vineyards in Germany. These factors create a microclimate that can enhance the ripening process.

Proximity to water bodies, such as rivers, plays a crucial role in regulating temperature. Water bodies can moderate temperature variations, which helps in keeping grapes warm during cooler nights and enhances the duration of the growing season. Additionally, steep slopes allow for good air drainage and exposure to sunlight, both of which are important for the development of sugars and phenolic compounds in grapes. Good soil types contribute nutrients essential for vine health and grape quality, which also supports a longer ripening period.

The other factors mentioned do not necessarily contribute to extended ripening in the same way. High elevation mountain ranges may lead to cooler temperatures that could shorten the growing season rather than lengthen it. Urban development may lead to increased heat or pollution, potentially impacting grape quality negatively. Intensive irrigation practices are typically utilized in regions where water availability is low, and in Germany, the combination of adequate rainfall and natural water bodies makes extensive irrigation less critical.