What is the primary water source for irrigation in Mendoza?

The primary water source for irrigation in Mendoza is snowmelt from the Andes. This region is located in a semi-arid environment, where annual rainfall is relatively low, averaging between 200 to 300 mm. The snow that accumulates in the Andes during the winter melts during the warmer months, providing a critical source of water for irrigation in the vineyards. This meltwater is channeled through an extensive system of aqueducts and canals, which allows farmers to effectively irrigate their crops despite the dry climate.

Additionally, the use of snowmelt ensures that the water is relatively consistent and meets the needs of the vines throughout the growing season. In contrast, rainfall is sporadic and insufficient to rely on as the main source of irrigation, while groundwater sources are less utilized due to concerns over sustainability and quality. Rivers also exist in the region, but the direct and significant impact of snowmelt from the Andes is what fundamentally supports Mendoza's viticulture.